What is EVO oil? Characteristics, production, benefits

EVO, or extra virgin olive oil, is one of the most popular and celebrated food products of the Mediterranean diet. It is known not only for its distinctive flavour and versatility in cooking but also for its numerous health benefits. But what makes this oil ‘extra virgin’ and how does it differ from other olive oils? Let’s find out together.

1. Definition

Extra virgin olive oil is a product obtained by pressing olives without the use of chemical processes or heat. It is a superior-quality olive oil, characterised by specific organoleptic and chemical properties.

2. Organoleptic characteristics

• Taste and aroma: EVO oil has a fresh and fruity taste, which can vary from sweet to slightly bitter or spicy, depending on the variety of olives and the area of origin. The aroma may be reminiscent of fresh grass, almonds, artichokes or other fruits and vegetables.
• Colour: Can vary from deep green to golden yellow, depending on olive variety and degree of ripeness at harvest.

3. Chemical properties

• Acidity: One of the main characteristics that define an oil as ‘extra virgin’ is its low level of acidity. Free acidity, measured as a percentage of oleic acid, must not exceed 0.8%.
• Peroxides: These compounds can form when the oil is exposed to air and light. A low peroxide value indicates a fresh and well-preserved oil.

4. Method of production

The production of extra virgin olive oil is a complex process that requires attention, care and dedication. The quality of the oil depends largely on the production method used, which directly influences the organoleptic and nutritional properties of the final product.

Olive harvest:

• Traditional methods: In many regions, olives are still harvested by hand or with the help of small tools. This method, although slower and more laborious, ensures that only the best olives are selected and that the fruit is not damaged during harvest.
• Mechanised harvesting: In some areas, where olive groves are more extensive, olive harvesting machines can be used. These machines gently shake the trees to drop the olives onto nets placed on the ground.

Cold extraction:

• Why is it important? EVO oil is often extracted at temperatures below 27°C. This method, known as ‘cold extraction’, ensures that the oil retains all its nutritional and organoleptic properties. The use of heat during extraction can degrade the oil, altering its flavour and reducing its health benefits.
• Process: The olives are washed and crushed to a paste. This paste is then subjected to a kneading process, during which it is slowly mixed. Finally, the oil is separated from the paste through centrifugation.

Without the use of solvents:

• Difference to other oils: Many vegetable oils are extracted using chemical solvents that help release the oil from the seeds or fruits. Extra virgin olive oil, on the other hand, is extracted exclusively through mechanical methods.
• Benefits: The absence of solvents guarantees a purer and more natural product. Furthermore, by avoiding the use of chemicals, the properties of the oil are better preserved and the environmental impact of production is reduced.

Post-production preservation:

• Importance: Once extracted, the oil must be stored properly to maintain its freshness and quality.
• Methods: The oil is usually stored in large stainless steel tanks under an inert atmosphere (often nitrogen) to protect it from oxidation. These tanks are designed to maintain a constant temperature and protect the oil from light.

5. Health benefits

EVO oil is rich in antioxidants, vitamin E and monounsaturated fatty acids. These compounds are known for:

• Reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
• Combat inflammation.
• Protect against certain forms of cancer.
• Supporting brain health and cognitive function.

Conclusion

Extra virgin olive oil is not just a condiment, but a true elixir of health and a pillar of Mediterranean cuisine. Choosing a good EVO oil and storing it correctly can make all the difference in terms of flavour and health benefits. When buying EVO oil, always look for transparent labels and rely on trusted producers to guarantee an authentic, high-quality product.